PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Following an intravenous infusion of phenylephrine hydrochloride, the observed effective half -life was approximately 5 minutes. The steady-state volume of distribution of approximately 340 L suggests a high distribution into organs and peripheral tissues. The average total serum clearance is approximately 2100 mL/min. The observed phenylephrine plasma terminal elimination half-life was 2.5 hours. Phenylephrine is metabolized primarily by monoamine oxidase and sulfotransferase. After intravenous...

The evidence for the efficacy of Phenylephrine hydrochloride injection is derived from studies of phenylephrine hydrochloride in the published literature. The literature support includes 16 studies evaluating the use of intravenous phenylephrine to treat hypotension during anesthesia. The 16 studies include 9 studies where phenylephrine was used in low-risk (ASA 1 and 2) pregnant women undergoing neuraxial anesthesia during Cesarean delivery, 6 studies in non-obstetric surgery under general anesthesia, and 1 study in non-obstetric surgery under combined general and neuraxial anesthesia. Phenyl...

Adverse reactions to Phenylephrine hydrochloride injection are primarily attributable to excessive pharmacologic activity. Adverse reactions reported in published clinical studies, observational trials, and case reports of Phenylephrine hydrochloride injection are listed below by body system. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to estimate their frequency reliably or to establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. C...

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Exacerbation of Angina, Heart Failure, or Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phenylephrine hydrochloride injection can precipitate angina in patients with severe arteriosclerosis or history of angina, exacerbate underlying heart failure, and increase pulmonary arterial pressure. ( 5.1 ) Peripheral and Visceral Ischemia: Phenylephrine hydrochloride injection can cause excessive peripheral and visceral vasoconstriction and ischemia to vital organs. ( 5.2 ) Skin and Subcutaneous Necrosis: Extravasati...

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Agonistic effects (increase in Phenylephrine hydrochloride injection blood pressure effect) can occur with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI), oxytocin and oxytocic drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, angiotensin and aldosterone, atropine, steroids, norepinephrine transporter inhibitors, ergot alkaloids ( 7.1 ) Antagonistic effects (decrease in Phenylephrine hydrochloride inject...